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Journal of Dental and Oral Health

JDOH

Aabstract

Research Article

Relationships between Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Objective and Subjective Masticatory Ability in Geriatric Patients: A Pilot Study

John Olofsson, Olle Ljungqvist, Per Elgestad Stjernfeldt, Inger Wardh and Ann Odlund Olin

Correspondence Address :

Per Elgestad Stjernfeldt, DDS
Stockholm Public Dental Service
Karolinska institute, Academic Centre for Geriatric dentistry
Stockholm
Sweden
Email: per.stjernfeldt-elgestad@ki.se

Received on: December 12, 2016, Accepted on: January 02, 2017, Published on: January 07, 2017

Citation: John Olofsson, Olle Ljungqvist, Per Elgestad Stjernfeldt, Inger Wardh, Ann Odlund Olin (2017). Relationships between Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Objective and Subjective Masticatory Ability in Geriatric Patients: A Pilot Study

Copyright: 2017 Per Elgestad Stjernfeldt, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

  • Abstract

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate relationships between the distribution of occlusal contacts, oral health-related quality of life and subjective masticatory ability in geriatric patients.
Methods: A sample (n=30, median age 84.5) of geriatric patients enrolled at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge was successively recruited for this clinical cross-section pilot study. A clinical examination was followed by a questionnaire including the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) to examine oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and subjective masticatory ability. The distribution of occlusal contacts classified each subject according to the Eichner Index to estimate objective masticatory ability. It contains three main groups (A, B, C) and seven subgroups, ranging from fully dentate to edentulous. Each group equals a numeric value called an Eichner Score.
Results: The ranking of the self-estimated ability to chew, correlated with the Eichner Index (rs=0.60/p=0.0005). Subjects with a higher Eichner Score reported better perceived masticatory ability. The median score for subjective masticatory ability did not differ between the two main groups with the highest number of remaining teeth or fixed restorations, in contrast to subjects in the third group who reported poorer subjective masticatory ability. The number of teeth or fixed prosthetic restorations correlated positively with the perceived ability to bite or chew certain kinds of food, such as firm meat or apples, although missing teeth in some cases had been replaced with removable prosthetics (p=0.01). The three Eichner Index main groups A, B and C showed intergroup differences (p =0.009) regarding OHRQoL.
Conclusions: The presence of at least one posterior occlusal zone was the single factor that most strongly influenced perceived masticatory ability and OHRQoL. Neither the occurrence of multiple support zones, nor whether or not the chewing function was achieved by dentures, automatically improved these subjective variables. This indicates that perceived masticatory ability and OHRQoL relate to several factors that need to be clarified by further research. 
Keywords: Oral health-related quality of life, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, masticatory ability, posterior occlusal contacts, Eichner Index

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