Background: There are three primary adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges in Mozambique; namely: early marriage, early pregnancy and HIV/AIDS. In a bid to respond to these challenges, the Mozambican government created the Programa Geraco Biz (PGB), in 1999. Based on peer education the PGB was intended to improve the SRH of young people otherwise described by the PGB as "the busy generation" as the programme's name in Portuguese suggests. However, Mozambican youths continue to be exposed to risks related to their SRH. Being Mozambique a multicultural with around 23 ethnical groups, each with its own distinct language, all of which are Bantu in origin, this raises an important issue - if the continuing ASRH problems are also related to the programme's communication strategies. It is necessary to ascertain the cultural challenges that hinder effective message delivery within the PGB. Studies recognise the role of culture in enhancing effective delivery of communication programmes. Concurrently, studies point to a lack of research analyzing cultural barriers for effective message delivery of health campaigns.
Objectives: (i) to examine cultural challenges identified by peer educators and adolescents for effective transmission of PGB main health messages; and (ii) to determine the implications of these impediments for the PGB.
Methods: non-participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Research questions were based on the McGuire Communication/Persuasion Model, and data analyzed thematically using Nvivo Pro11.
Results: (i) taboos surrounding sexuality, health terminologies, and parents' attitudes towards early marriages are the cultural challenges identified; and (ii) these factors hinder effective delivery of program messages.
Conclusions: the cultural challenges contribute to PGB not attaining effective health communication messages. Taboos around sexuality have silenced open communication in this regard. Ideas of sexual abstinence, condom use and campaigns against early marriage stand in opposition to certain (static) orientations of Changana traditions.
Keywords: Cultural challenges, Sexual and reproductive health, Programa Geracao Biz, McGuires Communication/Persuasion Model